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{{languages}}Everybody following genealogy publications will have encountered the use of genetics in genealogy: hereditary diseases, genetic markers, ..etc.

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes which form contain their [[Genealogy_Glossary#dna|DNA ]] (deoxyribose nucleic acid). Each of us inherits one half of each pair chromosome from one parent, and the other rest from the second other parent. From the mother one also inherits one cell a piece of which these chromosomes form genetic information that is contained outside the nucleusof the cell. However, this cell also contains some This genetic material which is not part of the human a chromosome, and is called mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and also essential for our survivalis passed nearly unchanged from a mother to her child. A special role 22 of the chromosomes are called autosomes, the 23rd chromosome is given referred to as the sex chromosome. For females this is a pair of the sex chromosome contains 2 X chromosomes, one from the mother, one from the fathereach parent. For males however this pair consists of a A male inherits an X chromosome inhereted from the his mother, and a Y chromosome, inhereted from the his father.

At each generation, a child's chromosomes are formed by a random combination of their parents 23 chromosomes. The 22 autosomal chromosomes are passed through to the children, constituted formed of material from the 23 chromosome pairs a random combinaton of the parentsDNA. Over time, mutations also happen, meaning that parts of This process tends to copy segments rather than individual locations while discarding the unchosen DNA. This is how 2 siblings will share DNA but not have identical copies with one another but yet have significant identifiable in common. The 23rd chromosome are whether X or Y is passed from the donor parent whole and is not identical subject to this recombining process. In a male tests can distinguish the same X and Y parts on of the chromosome thus identifying genetic material from the mother and father. In a female the test can identify the DNA of 2 separate Xs in the parentschromosome but cannot identify which was donated by each parent. Mutations  The other process that are can alter DNA is called mutation. Mutation simply means change and does not lethal are called variantsimply any negative consequence, although sometimes an accumulation of mutations can be dangerous. Some Significant mutations happen fast, some are quite slowto appear, and some very slowperhaps one or two every few generations. Should If there be were no mutation mutations it would be impossible to tell how related people are one from the otherdistinguish ancestral lines, we would all carry identical DNA. Fast mutations allow researchers to distinguish family groups recently in timegenealogical timeframes, several hundred to a couple thousand years. Slow mutations , such as those that appear in the mtDNA or on the Y chromosome, allow researchers to distinguish race groups up to by analyzing ancient migration patterns, e.g. the saxon migration into Europe.

For harmless genetics data, it is usefull useful to publish the data anonimized anonymized on a public forum. You can do that eg here on this wiki, but note that your account details will be visible in the history, so you might consider to send it to one of the administrators, or create a fake login for this reason.

To be able to extrapolate known facts of today to the past, you need some knowledge: * is it inherited from the father or mother?

*[[Addon:DNASegmentMap|DNA Segment Map]] addon Gramplet* [[Addon:FamilyTreeDNAGramplet|FamilyTree DNA]] addon Gramplet* Feature Request {{bug|8919}} : Haplogroup feature?*[httphttps://gramps.1791082discourse.n4group/t/gramps-and-recording-and-comparing-dna-matches/220 Discourse discussion thread] about the preliminary Haplogroup feature* [https://sourceforge.nabblenet/p/gramps/mailman/gramps-users/thread/1224707734.29730.8.camel%40localhost.comlocaldomain/#msg20615232 Event-for-Y-DNA-data] -td1812521.html gramps -users archive 2008 discussion thread]*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test Wikipedia: Genealogical Dna test]